litaba

Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950,metsoako e matlafalitsoeng ea khalaseli ne li sebelisoa likarolong tse sa jareng mojaro tsa liforeimi tsa lifofane tsa helikopthara, tse kang lifaere le li-hatch tsa tlhahlobo, leha ts'ebeliso ea tsona e ne e le nyane haholo.

Tsoelo-pele e kholo ea thepa e kopaneng bakeng sa lihelikopthara e etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1960 ka nts'etsopele e atlehileng ea mahare a rotor a kopantsoeng a matlafalitsoeng ka faeba ea khalase. Sena se bontšitse melemo e ikhethang ea li-composite—matla a phahameng a mokhathala, phetisetso ea mojaro oa litsela tse ngata, litšobotsi tsa ho ata ha mapetso butle, le bonolo ba ho bopa khatello—tse ileng tsa bonoa ka botlalo lits'ebetsong tsa lehare la rotor. Bofokoli ba tlhaho ba li-composite tse matlafalitsoeng ka faeba—matla a tlase a ho kuta le ho utloisisa mabaka a tikoloho—ha boa ka ba ama moralo kapa ts'ebeliso ea lehare la rotor hampe.

Leha mahare a tšepe hangata a na le nako ea ts'ebeletso e sa feteng lihora tse 2000, mahare a kopantsoeng a ka fihlella nako ea bophelo e fetang lihora tse 6000, mohlomong e sa feleng, 'me a nolofalletsa tlhokomelo e thehiloeng maemong. Sena ha se ntlafatse polokeho ea helikopthara feela empa hape se fokotsa haholo litšenyehelo tsa potoloho ea bophelo bohle ba mahare, se hlahisa melemo e meholo ea moruo. Mokhoa o bonolo, o sebetsang oa ho bopa le ho phekola bakeng sa li-composite, hammoho le bokhoni ba ho fetola matla, ho tiea (ho kenyeletsoa le litšobotsi tsa ho damping), o nolofalletsa ntlafatso e sebetsang haholoanyane ea boemo ba aerodynamic le ntlafatso moralong oa lehare la rotor, hammoho le ntlafatso ea matla a sebopeho sa rotor. Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970, lipatlisiso mabapi le li-airfoid tse ncha li hlahisitse letoto la li-profile tsa mahare a helikopthara tse sebetsang hantle. Li-airfoid tsena tse ncha li na le phetoho ho tloha ho symmetric ho ea ho kobehileng ka botlalo, tse sa lekanang, li fihlella li-coefficient tse phahameng tsa ho phahamisa le linomoro tsa bohlokoa tsa Mach, li-coefficient tse fokotsehileng tsa ho hula, le liphetoho tse fokolang ho li-coefficient tsa motsotso. Lintlafatso libopehong tsa ntlha ea lehare la rotor - ho tloha ho lintlheng tse khutlonnetsepa ho ea ho lintlheng tse ferekantsoeng, tse tenyetsehang; lintlheng tse kobehileng tse ferekantsoeng ka parabolic; ho dintlha tse tswetseng pele tsa BERP tse sweufaditsweng—di ntlafaditse haholo kabo ya mojaro wa aerodynamic, tshitiso ya vortex, ho thothomela, le dibopeho tsa lerata, ka hona di eketsa bokgoni ba rotor.

Ho feta moo, baqapi ba kentse tšebetsong ntlafatso e kopaneng ea mafapha a mangata ea aerodynamics ea lehare la rotor le matla a sebopeho, ba kopanya ntlafatso ea thepa e kopaneng le ntlafatso ea moralo oa rotor ho fihlela ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea lehare le phokotso ea ho thothomela/lerata. Ka lebaka leo, bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1970, hoo e batlang e le lihelikopthara tsohle tse sa tsoa ntlafatsoa li ile tsa sebelisa mahare a kopaneng, ha ka nako e ts'oanang li kenya mehlala ea khale ka mahare a tšepe ho a kopaneng li hlahisitse liphetho tse sebetsang hantle haholo.

Lintho tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho nahanoa bakeng sa ho amohela thepa e kopaneng meahong ea helikopthara ea lifofane li kenyelletsa: libaka tse rarahaneng tse kobehileng tsa kantle ho helikopthara, hammoho le mojaro o fokolang oa sebopeho, e leng se etsang hore li lokele tlhahiso e kopaneng ho ntlafatsa mamello ea tšenyo ea sebopeho le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng le e tšepahalang; tlhoko ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele meahong ea foreimi ea lifofane bakeng sa lihelikopthara tsa thuso le tsa tlhaselo; le litlhoko tsa meaho e monyang likotsi le moralo o patiloeng. Ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsena, Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Theknoloji e Sebelisitsoeng ea Sesole sa US se thehile Lenaneo la Advanced Composite Airframe (ACAP) ka 1979. Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980, ha lihelikopthara tse kang Sikorsky S-75, Bell D292, Boeing 360, le European MBB BK-117 tse nang le lifofane tse kopaneng li qalile ho etsa liteko tsa lifofane, ho fihlela Bell Helikopthara e atlehileng ho kopanya mapheo a kopaneng a V-280 le fuselage ka 2016, nts'etsopele ea lihelikopthara tsa foreimi ea lifofane tse kopaneng e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo. Ha ho bapisoa le sefofane sa litšupiso tsa alloy ea aluminium, li-airframe tse kopaneng li fana ka melemo e meholo boima ba li-airframe, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, ts'epo le tlhokomelo, li fihlela lipheo tsa lenaneo la ACAP joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho Tafole ea 1-3. Ka lebaka leo, litsebi li tiisa hore ho nkela li-airframe tsa aluminium sebaka ka libopeho tse kopaneng ho na le bohlokoa bo tšoanang le phetoho ea lilemo tsa bo-1940 ho tloha li-airframe tsa lesela la lehong ho ea meahong ea tšepe.

Ka tlhaho, tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea thepa e kopaneng meahong ea lifofane e amana haufi-ufi le litlhaloso tsa moralo oa lifofane (litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso). Hona joale, thepa e kopaneng e etsa 30% ho isa ho 50% ea boima ba sebopeho sa lifofane lihelikopthara tsa tlhaselo e mahareng le e boima, ha lihelikopthara tsa lipalangoang tsa sesole/tsa baahi li sebelisa liphesente tse phahameng, li fihla ho 70% ho isa ho 80%. Lisebelisoa tsa motsoako li sebelisoa haholo-holo likarolong tsa fuselage tse kang mohatla oa mohatla, stabilizer e otlolohileng, le stabilizer e otlolohileng. Sena se sebeletsa merero e 'meli: phokotso ea boima le bonolo ba ho theha libaka tse rarahaneng joalo ka li-stabilizer tse otlolohileng tse nang le ducted. Meaho e monyang ho thula e boetse e sebelisa metsoako ho fihlella poloko ea boima. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa lihelikopthara tse bobebe le tse nyane tse nang le meaho e bonolo, meroalo e tlase le mabota a masesaane, tšebeliso ea metsoako e kanna ea se be ea theko e tlase hakaalo.