Superconductivity ke ketsahalo ea 'mele eo ho eona khanyetso ea motlakase ea thepa e theohelang ho lefela mochesong o itseng oa bohlokoa. Khopolo-taba ea Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) ke tlhaloso e sebetsang, e hlalosang superconductivity linthong tse ngata. E totobatsa hore lipara tsa lielektrone tsa Cooper li thehoa ka har'a lattice ea kristale mochesong o tlase ka ho lekaneng, le hore superconductivity ea BCS e tsoa ho condensation ea tsona. Le hoja graphene ka boeona e le mokhanni ea hloahloa oa motlakase, ha e bontše superconductivity ea BCS ka lebaka la ho thibeloa ha tšebelisano ea lielektrone le phonon. Ke ka lebaka leo li-conductor tse ngata tse "ntle" (tse kang khauta le koporo) e leng li-superconductor tse "mpe".
Bafuputsi Setsing sa Fisiks ea Khopolo-taba ea Mekhoa e Rarahaneng (PCS) Setsing sa Saense ea Motheo (IBS, Korea Boroa) ba tlalehile mokhoa o mocha o mong oa ho fihlela superconductivity ho graphene. Ba fihletse katleho ena ka ho sisinya sistimi e kopantsoeng e entsoeng ka graphene le Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) ea mahlakore a mabeli. Phuputso e phatlalalitsoe koranteng ea 2D Materials.
Sistimi e kopaneng e nang le khase ea lielektrone (lera le ka holimo) ka har'a graphene, e arotsoeng ho condensate ea Bose-Einstein ea mahlakore a mabeli, e emeloang ke li-exciton tse sa tobang (mekhahlelo e putsoa le e khubelu). Lielektrone le li-exciton ka har'a graphene li kopantsoe ke matla a Coulomb.
(a) Ho itshetleha ha mocheso ha lekhalo la superconducting tshebetsong e tsamaiswang ke bogolon ka tokiso ya mocheso (mola o nang le matheba) le ntle le tokiso ya mocheso (mola o tiileng). (b) Mocheso o bohlokwa wa phetoho ya superconducting e le mosebetsi wa bongata ba condensate bakeng sa dikamano tse tsamaiswang ke bogolon le tokiso ya mocheso (mola o mofubedu o nang le matheba) le ntle le (mola o motsho o tiileng). Mola o putsoa o nang le matheba o bontsha mocheso wa phetoho ya BKT e le mosebetsi wa bongata ba condensate.
Ntle le superconductivity, BEC ke ketsahalo e 'ngoe e etsahalang mochesong o tlase. Ke boemo ba bohlano ba taba bo boletsoeng esale pele ke Einstein ka 1924. Ho thehoa ha BEC ho etsahala ha liathomo tsa matla a tlase li bokana 'me li kena boemong bo tšoanang ba matla, e leng tšimo ea lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng fisiks ea taba e kopantseng. Sistimi ea Bose-Fermi e kopantsoeng e emela tšebelisano ea lera la lielektrone tse nang le lera la li-boson, tse kang li-exciton tse sa tobang, li-exciton-polaron, jj. Tšebelisano pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa Bose le Fermi e lebisitse liketsahalong tse fapaneng tse ncha le tse khahlang, tse ileng tsa tsosa thahasello ea mahlakore ka bobeli. Pono ea motheo le e shebaneng le ts'ebeliso.
Mosebetsing ona, bafuputsi ba tlalehile mokhoa o mocha oa ho tsamaisa lintho ka bongata ho graphene, o bakoang ke tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lielektrone le "bogolon" ho fapana le lifonone tsamaisong e tloaelehileng ea BCS. Li-Bogolon kapa li-quasiparticle tsa Bogoliubov ke li-excitations ho BEC, tse nang le litšobotsi tse itseng tsa likaroloana. Ka har'a mefuta e itseng ea li-parameter, mokhoa ona o lumella mocheso o bohlokoa oa ho tsamaisa lintho ka bongata ho graphene ho fihla ho 70 Kelvin. Bafuputsi ba boetse ba ntlafalitse khopolo-taba e ncha ea BCS e nyenyane e shebaneng ka ho khetheha le litsamaiso tse thehiloeng ho graphene e ncha e kopantsoeng. Mohlala oo ba o hlahisitseng o boetse o bolela esale pele hore thepa ea ho tsamaisa lintho ka bongata e ka eketseha ka mocheso, e leng se fellang ka ho itšetleha ha mocheso o seng oa monotonic oa lekhalo la ho tsamaisa lintho ka bongata.
Ho phaella moo, diphuputso di bontshitse hore ho hasana ha Dirac ha graphene ho bolokilwe morerong ona o tsamaiswang ke bogolon. Sena se bontsha hore mokgwa ona wa superconducting o kenyelletsa dielektrone tse nang le ho hasana ho relativistic, mme ketsahalo ena ha e so hlahlojwe hantle fisiks ya taba e kgutsufaditsweng.
Mosebetsi ona o senola tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fihlela superconductivity ea mocheso o phahameng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka ho laola litšobotsi tsa condensate, re ka fetola superconductivity ea graphene. Sena se bontša tsela e 'ngoe ea ho laola lisebelisoa tsa superconductivity nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-16-2021 
